Objectives of Drug Rehab Centers

Drug addiction is one of the most severe social crimes that can ruin the society. It can be defined as a terrible situation when the people, especially the boys and girls of the young generation, get habituated of taking harmful and intoxicating alcoholic products and narcotic items like cocaine, heroin, and brown sugar. All these products are extremely harmful and they may even cause death if taken in excess quantity. The situation is nearly going out of control and there is an immediate need of doing something worthwhile to improve the situation for the betterment of the people as well as for the entire earth. The present scenario shows that the situation is improving as lots of efforts are put behind this with a serious note.

As complex as a disorder is, the drug abuse is described as an intensive drug usage.  The People who are dependable over drugs are overwhelmed by drug and alcohol usage contributing to negative consequences which is quite unreasonable to acknowledge.

Ironically, people continue to indulge in drugs and alcohol despite harmful effects. As discussed by the scientists, the prospective disorder affects the metabolism and the functionality of the brain which is responsible for such an incessant overindulgence in drugs and alcohol which is referred to psychic disorder.

The repeated drug usage affects the brain which causes long-lasting changes on traditional brain functions. These changes interfere with the patient’s ability to think clearly, exercise good judgment, control behavior, and feel normal without drugs. These changes are also responsible in large part for the drug cravings and compulsion to use that make addiction so unprecedented.

The establishments of drug rehabilitation are positive meant for improving the situation as these organizations are working relentlessly in the service of the drug addicts.

The objective of these drug rehab centers, especially like the Christian drug rehab centers and the Christian drug and alcohol rehab center is to make the people get free from the claws of the drugs and narcotics. The Christian alcohol treatment rehabilitation facility is highly efficient as it is specially derived to make the drug addicts get freedom from the bondage of drug and alcoholic drinks. The Christian drug treatment comes along with a religious sentiment that really works as appositive factor to help the people to think about their weaknesses towards drugs and they start thinking seriously about leaving alcoholism and drugs.

This objective is seriously supported by the ideas of providing rehabilitation to the drug addicts as they need some help after leaving drugs. This situation, when they are free from the drug abuses, they feel a certain type of weakness and at that particular time, the drug addicts look for some support from around themselves. The Christian drug treatment programs help these people to stand on their feet and face the world according to their understandings. The Christian drug recovery programs are very successful in handling these rehabilitation issues as they maintain a high success rate in this job. The Christian alcohol rehab centers design personalized treatment procedures for the drug addicts and the way of treatment continues to a stipulated period.

This period is also determined by the attending doctors. The determination of the medication, treatment and period is done and administered strictly by the authorities. Generally, the drug addicts are given admission to the treatment centers or are released from the Out Patients Departments (OPDs). This is also determined by the attending doctors in the OPDs. Certainly, the objective is to provide more attention to those patients who need more care and attention in the treatment centers.

Article Source: http://goarticles.com/article/Objectives-of-Drug-Rehab-Centers/5262997/

Choosing The Right Drug Rehab Center

Many people in the past, especially drug addicts, dreaded entering drug rehabilitation as the treatment they received was harsh and unsympathetic. Kindness was not usually exhibited to drug addicts as society viewed them to be evil or bad, instead of being sick. Today, there are only a few people who harbor such ideas, whereas most have accepted the reality that there are already modern and humane methods to address a problem such as drug addiction.

In current treatment programs for drug abuse, there is a kinder and more compassionate approach. Genuine kindness and concern for their well-being is now a primary focus of these programs. Hence, when faced with drug cravings, can a person enter into a private or government-run rehabilitation center. It is an excellent way to begin a patients recovery efforts by aiding his/her capacity to identify and deal with possibilities of drug relapse and re-addiction when out again in the real world.

Well-reputed drug rehab centers for their effectiveness are known to provide one-on-one therapy sessions, in which such sessions attempt to work on a patient's psychiatric problems. Moreover, these sessions would also even provide lessons in meditation and yoga, and additional access to other psychiatric specialists. These benefits being offered by different rehab centers make choosing quite difficult.

There are also some personal considerations in choosing a drug rehab center. This points to the imperative that a patient should think of his/her recovery since it is the pressing need above everything else. Being self-concerned is apparently the best way to gain from rehab as if the results are to no avail, it would lead to dejection and future therapy would not even be considered. Further, many people worry whether they could afford to be treated since they do not have access to ample insurance. Nonetheless, there are insurance companies that may grant residential support in an instant.

There are also a number of companies which may the patient to follow certain processes before he or she can enter a rehab facility, which includes outpatient treatment. Many rehabilitation facilities often discuss the costs for a patient and a certain level required in committing to rehab. Well-renowned rehab centers would usually advertise patients who have had success in putting away with their addiction and are living their lives free from drugs. While in rehab center, a support system in the form of family and friends is also essential for a patient to recover.

Apart from a reputation of treating it clients with success through its advertisements, this should not be the only meter stick in choosing. Contacting people who have undergone or are informed about the effectiveness of a rehabilitation center is also an useful way to properly choose. Lastly, consider that a smaller rehab center also has a greater probability for a one-on-one therapy which is critical in the later of stages of treatment.

Ways To Find An Effective Drug Rehabilitation Center And Programs

Drug addiction is one of fatal disease which is causing problems for the people especially teenagers in all over the world. People who are addicted to any form of addicted always find themselves trouble in their personal as well as professional life. The condition are getting bad from worse because there are lots of people who gets admitted in a reputed drug rehab center are mainly the young generation and most of them are addicted to prescription drugs. With the enormous growth of addicts for last few years as the numbers of drug treatment center in the state which makes prosperous business for some of them. As there are numbers of treatment programs available for drug additions this makes a daunting task to select an appropriate one from them. Other than that, if you start searching for any alcohol rehab center or drug treatment center on the web, you will find millions of result that makes sometimes more confusing. Sometimes it appears that there is no hope for the drug addicts to find an effective treatment program which suits their needs. But, here are some important informations about the best drug treatment center and their programs which will certainly help you in selecting an appropriate one.
Drug Rehab Colorado provides the drug treatment facility for the inpatient or live-in patients as well as outpatient treatment programs. Depending upon the nature of addiction you have to decide that what kind of treatment program will be suitable for you. If you are seeking a treatment center for any serious addiction to any drugs or alcohol then inpatient treatment program will be the best options to go with. Otherwise, if you are suffering from any mild addiction then you must go with outpatient treatment program. Choosing an appropriate treatment program will certainly help you in terms of having successful recovery. No matter treatment program you choose, the first and foremost treatment that most of the treatment center provides detoxification for treating an addicts. This is a process where patients body is detoxified from the toxins materials with the help of various medicines. This method is generally used by the treatment center to make them ready for other rehabilitation program. Once the patients body is detoxified they offer other drug treatment program in these treatment centers. Depending upon the nature of addiction they offer inpatient and outpatient treatment program.
Inpatient treatment program: This treatment program often called as residential treatment program because the patients have to live in treatment center for few weeks in order to get proper medication and care. Most of the addicts generally like inpatient treatment program due to the environment provided by these alcohol drug rehab center or any drug treatment center helps them in getting away the stress of the outside world and focuses on healing. And Outpatient treatment programs are suitable for the people who have small children and other responsibilities to handle with. In this method of treatment, the patients have to visit the treatment center frequently in order to get proper medication and care.
Therefore, for the purpose of selecting an appropriate drug rehab center always keep follow the above path for successful recovery and treatment.

Trompe-l’oeil in art

In January of 2010 I saw a really interesting exhibit at the Palazzo Strozzi in Florence: Art & Illusions: Masterpieces of Trompe-l'œil from Antiquity to the Present.  That exhibit got me to start thinking of the role of  trompe-l’oeil in art.  “Trompe-l’oeil” is French for to trick the eye, it is more than just a realistic work of art but it is something created to fool the viewer or at least make the viewer question what they are seeing.  It is a work which creates an optical illusion, however the term “Trompe-l’oeil” is used to describe a variety of illusions in art.  Some are entertaining and some create quite sophisticated illusions.

There have been many examples throughout time: Ancient Roman, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque as well as modern and contemporary examples.  Let's look at a few of them to compare.

Still life with glass bowl of fruit and vase, wall painting, Pompeian painter c- 70 AD,

The National Archaeological Museum of Naples, Italy

In the wall paintings uncovered at Pompeii and Herculaneum there are many examples of trompe-l’oeil.  The most typical were similar to the example above showing still-life objects sitting on a "shelf" they were created to show off the skill of the artist and to amuse the viewer.  There were also several mosaic floors created as a trompe-l’oeil showing discarded fish bones.  This skillful works also alluded to the wealth of the owner of the home.

It was said in Ancient Greece that there was a contest between two painters, Zeuxis and Parrhasius.  Zeuxis painted grapes that were so realistic they fooled birds into trying to eat them.  However Parrhasius won the contest as he even fooled the other artist; he had painted a pair of curtains and Zeuxis thought that his painting lay behind the curtains.

I don't know if the story is real, but regardless it demonstrates that trompe-l’oeil has been a part of art for centuries.

Painting of a false dome, Andrea Pozzo, 1685, Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio, Rome, Italy
photo- © Jean-Christophe BENOIST/ public domain, via Wikimedia Commons  

Painter Andrea Pozzo cleverly created a false dome within the church of Sant'Ignazio in Rome.  The illusion works perfectly if the viewer is standing in a certain area, they would look up and see a "dome" which is in fact a flat surface with a fake dome painted in.  It is clever as no one would be expecting this type of trompe-l’oeil in a church.  However if the viewer is standing in another area the trick doesn't work.

Architectural trompe-l'oeil gallery, Francesco Borromini, Palazzo Spada, Rome, 1638 

Trompe-l’oeil in art can also be found in sculpture and architecture such as this example by Borromini done earlier in the century. This gallery is a tour de force of trompe-l’oeil in which shrinking rows of columns and a rising floor create the illusion that the gallery is four times longer than it is.  The illusion is made through the use of light, spacing of the columns and the fact that the two archways are vastly different heights.

At first glance Borromini’s gallery is quite long, leading to a statue at the end.  The statue is about three-quarters the height of the distant doorway.  However when I visited a guide walked from one end to the next to show our group of students the illusion; at the far end she was the same height as the statue, but as she walked along the path we saw she was only about a quarter of the height of the first archway.

This can be explained when you realize that the two doorways are of different heights.  However since Borromini constructed this with seemingly perfect perspective, the false perspective tricks you into believing that both doorways are of the same height if you walked from one to the other.

The Staircase Group (Portrait of Raphaelle Peale and Titian Ramsay Peale), Charles Willson Peale, 1795,

oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art; The George W. Elkins Collection

 In this work early American painter Charles Willson Peale creates a trompe-l’oeil by painting life size portraits.

“To enhance the illusion, he installed the painting within a doorframe in his studio, with a real step in front. Rembrandt Peale, another son, recalled that his father's friend George Washington, misled by Peale's artifice, tipped his hat and greeted the two young men as he walked by.”*

*Darrel Sewell, from Philadelphia Museum of Art: Handbook of the Collections (1995), p. 267.

Again the Art & Illusions: Masterpieces of Trompe-l'œil exhibit was one of the most interesting art exhibits I have seen: 150 objects related to illusion. Examples really did “trick the eye” into thinking surfaces weren’t flat, objects were coming off the canvas, the canvas was  a piece of wood, or a cabinet with open doors, or something was sculpted rather than painted.  Some  were truly remarkable and I wanted to reach out and touch them as the illusion was so convincing.  

I actually did get tricked with a Duane Hanson sculpture. Hanson was a late 20th century American “hyper-realist” who sculpted people and used real objects in his sculptures, in that exhibit it was a mom pushing a stroller. I didn’t really look at “her” I thought it was a mom pushing a stroller until the person next to me got so close they set off an alarm and then everyone turned to stare and I was truly startled that they weren’t real.  They had her set up as if she was a spectator looking at a painting, which added to the illusion.

That is probably why trompe-l’oeil has worked well and has endured to the present day, because so many examples really do fool the viewer.

The San Jose Drug Rehab and Addiction Scene

San Jose is the third largest city in California and is the throne (county seat) of Santa Clara County. Sitting in the San Francisco Bay area and being home to over 7 million people this area has seen its share of drug abuse and addiction activity. Addiction and the societal problems that go along with it is a serious problem through the region. There is a significant need to create more comprehensive measures to increase the level of awareness concerning these issues on many social strata.

The overall outlook on drugs is increasingly apathetic with countless failed attempts by law enforcement to improve, or reduce drug abuse and addiction statistic many feel there is too much money being made. San Jose, California is no different as marijuana is the most commonly abused drug in California. Treatment admissions for marijuana addiction are high and increasing. According to the California Alcohol and Drug Data System, marijuana treatment admissions rose from 20,143 in 2000 to 23,531 in 2003, with treatment admissions skyrocketing up nearly 1/3 in 2010.

Methamphetamine, supplied by Mexican drug cartels and Asian gangs is widely available. The drug continues to be a huge source of the problems with substance abuse in this area. Methamphetamine abuse rates seemed to be leveling off in the 1990's with just fewer than 20% of arrestees testing positive for the drug. The rate increased drastically from 2000 to 2003 with just over 35% testing positive. In recent years, like San Diego, meth abuse among women in San Jose is alarmingly high with over 40% of female arrestees testing positive for meth.

Mexican drug cartels have black tar heroin readily available and is the only kind of heroin obtainable in the San Jose area. Heroin addicts who cannot obtain the drug often take clonazepam to stave off withdrawal symptoms. Heroin abuse and addiction is one of the hardest drugs to overcome as the withdrawal symptoms are significantly worse than very a severe case of influenza. Although The National Drug Intelligence Center reports show cocaine abuse falls behind methamphetamine and heroin, cocaine is the next drug threat in Northern California. Both powder and crack cocaine is steadily abused in this region, but little cocaine in either form is sold in San Jose.

There are many resources for drug abuse and addiction treatment near San Jose. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration directory of treatment facilities show 384 substance abuse and drug rehabilitation programs within a 100 mile radius of San Jose. Most of these treatment options are outpatient counseling and rehabilitation programs, methadone maintenance programs or short-term drug rehab programs. There are other longer term drug rehab available in the Northern California area that consist of non-denominational Christian or Bio-Physical/Cognitive/Educational drug rehab programs. The Christian based programs vary between 12-18 month inpatient rehab programs with Bio-physical programs averages a 4-6 month residential stay in treatment.

Seek Help With Drug Rehabilitation Centers And Family

Hospitals are loaded with patients that have overdosed on addictive drugs; illegal and prescription. The trend has pointed upward at of the end of the last decade with no end in sight. Although the main culprit seems to be cocaine and heroin, legal drug abuse has taken on a new life. How can we hope to deal with all these kinds of drug abuse? There are many options available in this country thanks to the recognition of addictive personalities. Some people are in fact, born with inherent traits that make them easier targets for drug and alcohol abuse.

Knowing about addictive personalities is the first step toward resolving the various issues that come with this scenario. Over the years we have learned a few things about drug addiction and people prone to addiction, in fact, many of the top drug rehabilitation centers in this country are focused on exactly this type of situation. The staff members at these facilities are fully trained to help these personalities and help them cope with this undocumented disorder. There was a time when many people thought that people choose to be addicted to drugs and that stopping was just as easy as starting. We have matured since then and now we recognize different levels of addiction.

The fact remains that many of us are addicted to drugs whether we have addictive personalities or not. It just so happens that those born with certain traits are more prone to their addictions, thus; it is often much more difficult to break tough addictions. Daily treatment is necessary for extreme conditions and only a top notch drug rehabilitation clinic can provide this kind of attention.

We simply cannot ignore the cry for help addicts are shouting. Getting them help from drug rehabilitation clinics is only the beginning. The problem is only beginning to be looked at during this stage. Family and friends must take part in the recovery. If one of these elements is left out than it will be an extremely difficult battle for the user. Several support systems are needed to ensure any kind of success; it is up to you to do your part in helping your friends in need of drug rehabilitation. Many families dump their afflicted family member into these facilities and then let the magic happen; but full rehabilitation does not happen this way. Get involved by attending the center where they are being treated.

A History of Drug Rehabilitation

Drug rehabilitation refers to the various medical and psychotherapeutic options available in combating drug addiction. Drug rehabilitation aims at enabling an individual rid themselves of the shackles of being addicted to a drug. By ensuring a person overcomes drug addiction, rehabilitation also eliminates the social, legal, financial and physical liabilities that drug addiction brings along. There are various approaches to drug rehabilitation, including detoxification which is aimed at helping one cope with withdrawal symptoms. There are also therapeutic sessions for dealing with the psychological side of addiction.

The famous Alcoholics Anonymous or simply AA is the first recorded shot at drug rehabilitation. Founded in the 1930s by two reformed alcoholics, AA has been of great help to people seeking drug rehab programs to fight their drug addiction problems. Though it was initially based on concepts of theology, the pioneers of AA also put into practice input from some of their atheist members. Since Alcoholics Anonymous proved so successful, the same concept was applied to many other addictions such as gambling, overeating and even narcotics. Alcoholics Anonymous stresses heavily on the role of support groups in the journey of drug rehabilitation.

Along the way, various people have emerged with different ideas of revolutionizing drug rehabilitation. Some have come up with ideas to form religious based drug rehab centers while others opt to go the secular way. This provides people who are seeking rehabilitation with various options to choose from. When choosing a drug rehab center one should go for one that they are comfortable with. It is therefore important to research on the founding principles of a drug rehab center before signing up for a rehab program.

There have been attempts by several groups in the country to propagate awareness of drug addiction and drug rehabilitation in learning institutions through various means and methods. Some of these groups have hit a brick wall where the concerned school officials feel that the groups are teaching concepts that they do not agree with. However, it is important to note that overall the awareness of the effects of drug addiction to drugs and the available drug rehab programs has increased. Information on rehabilitation is readily available on the internet and as such, it is easier for young people to stay informed on the options available in the case of drug rehabilitation after being addicted to drugs.

Society is also more receptive towards rehabilitation of former drug addicts. In the years gone by, checking into an institution to get your drug problem fixed would earn one a lot of labels and misconceived judgment. Today's modern world has embraced the idea of giving drug addicts a second chance to prove themselves by giving them a fresh start, free from drugs. The drug rehabilitation cause has been greatly aided by all those celebrities who have stood up and admitted to having drug problems. When people see their role models admitting to being human and making wrong choices, then the stage is set for their own admission. In a nutshell, one can conclude that the drug rehab center is an institution that has come a long way.

Christian Drug Rehab Offers Hope to Those With Chronic Pain

Prescription drug addiction has become an epidemic in the United States in recent years. While pain pills have seemingly overtaken illegal drugs in popularity, pain drug rehab has changed in recent years. Many christian people become addicted to prescription pain drugs because they are suffering from chronic pain. They never expected to become addicted, they just wanted to find some blissful relief from their pain. But their dependence spirals out of control, and they quickly recognize their addiction and the need for pain drug rehab.

An addiction to prescription drugs affects every aspect of your life - your relationships, your career, your finances and perhaps most importantly, your health. Making the monumental decision to regain control of your life and recover from prescription drug addiction will not be easy, but it will be worthwhile. The critical first step is the detox process, and this step must be completed before a treatment program can begin.

Pain pill detox does not have to be mysterious or frightening. Inpatient pain pill detox is comfortable and safe, and there will be caring, dedicated people to help you every step of the way. Getting the damaging toxins from the pain pills out of your system will help restore your body to a balanced existence. There may be some unpleasant withdrawal symptoms as the drugs are emptied from your body, but a staff of physicians and nurses will be available around the clock to ensure that you are not in pain or otherwise miserable.

Many people addicted to prescription drugs shy away from pain pill detox because of the fear of unknown - the fear that the pain pill detox will be a worse hell than the addiction to the pain pills. That does not have to be the reality. There are quality inpatient pain pill detox programs that exist to debunk the myth that detox is a horrible, painful experience. Inpatient detox programs want addicts to feel empowered by their journey. Therefore, the programs try to ensure that the addict will not be discouraged by the detox process..

Treatment centers have evolved with our changing times, and now christian drug treatment offers addicts the opportunity to recover from their addiction to prescription pills with unique treatments. Addicts are discovering new and imaginative ways to find pain management and regain control of their everyday lives. Pain drug rehab is now offering addicts acupuncture, massage therapy, yoga, meditation and tai chi as empowering therapies to help in managing chronic pain. Successfully finishing a pain drug detox program will help boost an addict's chances of having a lasting recovery from their addiction.

People who find themselves addicted to prescription pain pills often believe there is no hope for a life without chronic pain. However, christian drug rehab in the 21st century teaches addicts that there are positive and enjoyable alternatives to pain management. Many pain drug rehab programs also provide their patients with opportunities to explore music and art therapy, pet therapy, and individual and group therapy - all of which have the end goal of teaching patients to cope without a dependence on prescription pain pills.

Victoria Bradenton is an author and speaker on the subjects of addiction and substance abuse treatment. In cooperation with The Christian Treatment Center, she is active in the national recovery community.

Continuous Narrative in Art

What is meant by the "Continuous Narrative" in art?  Many artworks contain a "narrative" or representation of an event.  The continuous narrative is a way to tell an entire story within one artwork, the same characters show up repeatedly in order to give a timeline of events in the story.  Often the same groups of characters are shown right next to each other in the same painting or sculptural frieze. 


These side by side scenes can be thought of as pre-cursors to modern day comic strips.  They weren’t shown in different panels, but this would have been understood by contemporary audiences to be telling a story.

Column of Marcus Aurelius, detail, bottom three bands of helical relief 
Emperor's campaigns against the Germans and the Sarmatians. 180-185 A.D., Rome

photo- © Simone Ramella / public domain, via Wikimedia Commons  

This was used as far back as ancient Assyrian and Babylonian art and remained popular throughout much of art history to depict an entire event from start to finish.  The Column of Marcus Aurelius in Rome has one long sculptural frieze that winds up the entire length of the column.  The column shaft measures nearly 100 feet (29.62 meters) long.

It is nearly impossible for a viewer on the ground to look up and see the entire story and know what is going on.  The sculptors took this into account and made each band slightly wider as it wound up the column.  The heads of the figures were also shown slightly larger than proportionally correct so that they could be recognized from below.

As this column shows several military battles where the Romans were triumphant, the same soldiers and military commanders are shown over and over again.  Objects such as trees, rivers, horses and architecture help separate and frame each scene.

Column of Marcus Aurelius, c-193 A.D., Rome

photo- © Matthias Kabel / public domain, via Wikimedia Commons  

The technique of continuous narrative was used frequently in Renaissance painting.  A good example of this can also  be found in the large devotional panel by Gentile da Fabriano which shows the adoration (seen below).  

 Adoration of the Magi, Gentile da Fabriano, 1423, Uffizi Gallery, Florence

egg tempera and gold leaf on wood panel

The main scene shows the three Magi (or three wise men) as they have come to give gifts to the newborn Christ child.  However the Magi are shown in miniature in the scenes above, from the first time they see the Star of Bethlehem to the entire journey they make.  We can see the star several times as well and it ends up glowing like a golden orb over St. Joseph's head in the central scene.

In the detail (below) we can see a close up of the left arch of the painting and can make out the three Magi seeing the Star of Bethlehem for the first time.  In each of the other two arches the viewer can follow along with their journey.

Adoration of the Magi, Gentile da Fabriano, 1423, Uffizi Gallery, Florence

detail of the central upper register of the panel 

St. Peter is seen three times in the fresco below.  This fresco by Masaccio is especially interesting as the story does not occur from left to right as in most examples, but jumps from the center to the left and then to the right.  This biblical story was very well known, so the contemporary viewer would not have been confused by this.  The story begins in the central portion of the frame when the tax collector asks for the temple tax and Christ tells his apostles that they need to find money to pay the temple tax, he turns to Peter and tells him to look in the mouth of a fish in order to find the coin.  This event of course is a miraculous one.

Part two of the story takes place just to the left of the main action, St. Peter is wearing the same blue robe but has set his golden sash aside for a moment while he looks for a fish in the sea.  Then part three of the story jumps over to the right hand side where after finding the coin as Christ has said, St. Peter pays the tax.  Again to help the viewer keep track of St. Peter, he is shown wearing his blue robe and gold sash and the tax collector is the only person wearing a short tunic.

The Tribute Money, Masaccio, 1425, fresco, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence

In his famous fresco cycle in Santa Maria Novella the artist Ghirlandaio has also used continuous narrative.  Remember from earlier blog posts that Ghirlandaio was in fact the teacher of Michelangelo.  Michelangelo was a student in his workshop during the time that these frescoes were being painted, so he would have worked on these as well.

In the panel showing the birth of the Virgin Mary, the birth is concentrated in the lower right hand portion of the frame.  However the Immaculate Conception (which refers to the fact that Mary's mother St. Anne was impregnated by just a kiss from her husband Joachim) is shown to us in the top left hand portion.  Therefore St. Anne is shown twice in the same room.  However that was understood by all to have occurred at two different times within the same story; even though each event took place nine months apart.

Immaculate Conception and Birth of the Virgin Mary, Domenico Ghirlandaio, 1485-90
Tornabuoni Chapel, Santa Maria Novella, Florence

In our final example (below) we are seeing the Rest on the Flight Into Egypt.  The artist David shows us that this is his theme rather than a typical portrait of the Virgin and Child by showing the holy family in the background in the woods.  By seeing two versions of Jesus and the Madonna, one in the foreground and one in the background, the viewer understands that they are both scenes in the same story.  The riding of the donkey is always understood in Renaissance painting as being part of the flight into Egypt from the Biblical story.

The use of the same figures in one panel, which David employs quite subtly in this work, is yet another example of the continuous narrative in art.

Rest on the Flight into Egypt, Gerard David, 1512-15

oil on wood panel, Museo del Prado, Madrid

Now that you have learned about the use of the continuous narrative in art you will certainly notice many other examples.

Songwriting - Understanding the Purposes of Verses, Choruses and Every Other Section of a Song

It's important to understand that each section of a song typically has a role to fulfill. If you know the purpose of each section in your song, you'll be better prepared to write a great song. Of course, most songs won't use all of the sections listed below, but knowing the purpose of your sections is crucial to understanding how to put together a solid song.

Verse

Lyrically, the verses of your song will move your story forward. The chorus or refrain is likely to have the same words each time, so the verse is your chance to keep your ideas moving along.

Chorus

Think of your chorus as the big idea for what your song's all about. That's partly why your title is most likely to show up in your chorus. Your title also sums up what the song's about. Melodically, the chorus will be the catchiest part of your song. This is what people will have stuck in their head long after your song is over. That's another reason it's good to have your title in the chorus. When people get your chorus stuck in their head, they'll easily know what your song is called and can find it later when they want to hear it again.

Pre-Chorus

The pre-chorus is an add-on before the chorus. It usually repeats the same lyrics each time, the same way a chorus does. Musically, a lot of times it creates a nice build up to what's coming in the chorus. Katy Perry's "Firework" was a good example of that, as you saw above.

Bridge

The bridge is a departure from what we've heard in a song, previously. This goes for both the lyrics and the music. Lyrically, it's an opportunity for a new perspective. Musically, it's a chance to offer the listener something they haven't heard before to keep the song interesting.

Refrain

In the verse / verse / bridge / verse song structure, the refrain is the line that draws all the attention in your verses. It's usually at the beginning or end of each verse and is often the title of the song.

Hook

The hook doesn't necessarily refer to a specific section of a song, except to say it's the catchiest part of a song. Most of the time, it will be your chorus, if your song has one. If your song doesn't have a chorus your hook will most likely be your refrain. As hit songwriter, Clay Drayton, says "A fish knows the hook... Once it's in you, it's hard to get it out."

Rehab Treatment For Teenage Drug Abuse

Have you ever imagined that your child can be found guilty of a drug related offense or an associated law-breaking crime? Perhaps the best penalty according to the law would be for the court to sentence him to jail, but the law also permits the judge to commit such sentence to community service and or the attendance of a rehab treatment program.

Taking drugs and other banned substances harm you physically. If a patient continues to secretly take drugs while undergoing a drug rehabilitation, the applied rehab therapy would surely be unsuccessful. This is why inpatient drug rehab program, which keeps close eyes on the patient, is considered better than out patient rehab facility.

The drug rehabilitation program given to a teenager is targeted towards detoxifying his body so that he will stop craving for the substance of abuse while also educating him on the dangers of drug taking.

As the child finishes his drug rehab program he becomes exposed to the dangers of drugs and learns to prevent himself from any drug activities that endanger his life.

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Different Rehab Treatments

Drug rehab programs vary with different drug cases. One of the recent drug treatment options is the use of free sterile needles program used to prevent HIV. It is most useful in eliminating drugs related infections in the society, but does not provide the needed solution to drug cases

Another option is total abstention from use of drugs at the early stage. Though it is one of the best options, but it is very difficult to practice. The victim may be lured back to drugs, because his body being already inclined to drugs will find it difficult to keep functioning without it.

Other methods of drug rehab therapy include medications for the patients. In these treatments, drugs are used to suppress patients' cravings for drugs while also repairing any harm or injury resulting from drug taking. This method of treatment is a long-term treatment and most patients do not like it.

To rest this drug rehab discussed, be rest assured that whatever is your child's drug case, you should be able to arrest the problem by seeking advice from a specialist who is in a professional position to evaluate the various factors involved and come up with a suitable rehab treatment for your child. Remember that your child's life is in danger; act fast.